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Data Synchronization Terms / Glossary
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A
Attribute (1) A piece of information reflecting a
characteristic related to an identification number [e.g., an expiration date
with a Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®)]. (2) A specification, feature or
characteristic that describes the physical, compositional, or structural
properties of a good or service. Examples of attributes are voltage, color,
weight, width, fabric type, etc. Each data pool is free to establish its own,
different sets of attributes, based on the requirements of its users. However,
there are 35 core attributes which are forwarded to the Global Registry that
enable product information to be searched, exchanged and synchronized on a
truly global basis.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) An American
technical standards body and the representative of the United States to the
International Organization for Standardization. This private, non-profit
organization administers and coordinates the United States voluntary
standardization and conformity assessment system.
B
Brand The brand name is the distinctive name of a product, the
word part of a trademark or the name of the manufacturer.
Brand Administrator (also known as "Brand Owner") Entity
(party) owning, and in most cases manufacturing, the trade item responsible
for: (1) allocating EAN.UCC System numbering and bar code symbols on a given
trade item as the administrator of an EAN.UCC Company Prefix. (2) establishing
the recognizable name (consumer recognizable) to uniquely identify a line of
trade items or services.
Bar code A precise arrangement of parallel lines (bars) and
spaces that vary in width to represent data.
Bill of Lading (BOL) The bill of lading is a legal contract
between a carrier and a shipper that provides shipment details for the movement
of freight. It describes the conditions under which the goods are accepted by
the carrier and details that nature and quantity of the goods, name of vessel
(if shipped by sea), identifying marks and numbers, destination, etc. The
person sending the goods is the "shipper" or "consignor," the company or agent
transporting the goods is the "carrier", and the person for whom the goods are
destined is the "consignee". Bills of lading may be negotiable or
nonnegotiable. If negotiable, i.e., payable to the shipper's order and properly
endorsed, title to the goods passes upon delivery of the bill of lading.
BOL# The actual number assigned to a Shipment Identification
Number under which the goods are shipped. It is used only for truckload and
Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipments. It may be matched to a 214 Transportation
Carrier Shipment Status transaction. This is set to enable the scheduling of
receiving functions by the retailer. It also may be used for carrier claims.
C
Check Digit A digit calculated from the other digits of an
Element String, used to check that the data has been correctly composed. (see
EAN.UCC Check Digit Calculation).
Custom Order Complex products (made to order or assembled to
order), or products with variants, have attributes which are not determined
uniquely for a given product, but which must be selected or specified in order
to completely identify a product for a purchase.
Company Number A number allocated by the UCC or an EAN
International Numbering Organization that follows the EAN.UCC Prefix within the
EAN.UCC Company Prefix. When combined with the EAN.UCC Prefix, the Company
Number uniquely identifies a company.
Catalogue Item (CI) The representation of a trade item as it
is stored in a catalogue for the data synchronization process. The catalogue
item is uniquely identified by a Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®) + Global
Location Number (GLN) + Target Market combination (commonly referred to as a
key).
Catalogue Item Confirmation (CIC) This refers to electronic
communication from the Data Recipient (Retailer) to the Data Source (Supplier)
indicating what action has been taken on the catalogue item, received through
the Catalogue Item Notification. Confirmation is not mandatory. When used, it
provides the following choices: (1) Synchronized: Data is integrated, in synch
and added to the synchronization list. (2) Accepted: Data is added to the
synchronization list and is in the process of being integrated. (3) Rejected:
Data will no longer be synchronized or updates will no longer be provided. (4)
Review: A request to the data source to "review" their data because the data
recipient has received inconsistent data, which they cannot synchronize. If the
data was previously synchronized, it will be removed from the synchronization
list.
Catalogue Item Notification (CIN) A business message used to
transmit trade item information from a data source to a data recipient.
Catalogue Item Publication (CIP) A business message standard
used by a data source to trigger the distribution of trade item information.
This triggering results in the creation and distribution of a Catalogue Item
Notification.
Catalogue Item Subscription (CIS) A business message within
the Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) used to establish a request from
a data recipient to a data source for the update of trade item information on a
continuous basis.
Content Owner Entity (party) responsible for organizing the
information enclosed within the Extensible Markup Language (XML) message and
submission of message to the GS1 Global Registry™.
CPFR The Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment
(CPFR®) offering will enable collaboration among all supply-chain-related
activities. This collaboration will include setting common cross-enterprise
goals and performance measures, creating category/item goals across partners
and collaborating on sales and order forecasts. Performance will be monitored
as collaborative activities are executed providing participants the ability to
evaluate partners. www.cpfr.org
Category A classification assigned to an item that indicates
the higher level grouping the item belongs to. Items are put into logical like
groupings to facilitate the management of a diverse number of items.
Category Scheme Structured grouping of category levels used to
organize and assign products. Compliance Ensures that a solution adheres to the
requirements of a standard.
Category Hierarchy The classification of products by
department, category, and subcategory. Example: "Bakery, Bakery Snacks, Cakes".
D
Data Source (as known as "Supplier") Party, which provides a
community of trading partners with Master Data. The Data Source is officially
recognized as the owner of this data. For a given Item or Party, the source of
data is responsible for permanent updates of the information that is under its
responsibility (GCI definition). Example of Data Sources: Manufacturers,
Publishers, and Suppliers.
Data Standard The entirety of all EAN.UCC System data
standardized in meaning and structure.
Data Structure The UCC and EAN numbering structures defined in
the various lengths required for the different identification purposes which
all share a hierarchical composition. Their composition blends the needs of
international control with the needs of the users.
Data Pool A repository of GCI / GDAS data where trading
partners can obtain, maintain and exchange information on items and parties in
a standard format through electronic means. A data pool provides its customers
data synchronization services and a single point of entry to the Global Data
Synchronization Network (GDSN). Data pools must be certified per EAN.UCC System
standards to operate within the GDSN. Data pools interoperate with the GS1
Global Registry™ and each other. Big Hammer Data is a data pool.
Drummond Group Drummond Group Inc. (DGI) facilitates, manages
and drives the adoption of technical standards for supply chain optimization.
This is done through compliance and interoperability testing and competitive
supply chain strategies for various industries. To maintain strict vendor
neutrality, Dig's sole responsibility is to administer the testing process and
maintaining the list of passing products. Furthermore, the lessons learned
during the testing are fed back to the standards organization for review and
refinement of specifications. Direct input is also solicited from the industry
vertical for market validation on feature sets required by the user community.
The data in the test plans is often supplied by supporting user companies to
simulate real market transactions. The program only announces those vendors who
have successfully completed the testing.
Distribution Center (DC) A location where products are
received and then shipped to a trading partner.
Distributor A business that does not manufacture its own
products but purchases and resells these products. Such a business usually
maintains a finished goods inventory. For the purpose of Collaborative
Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment, the term distributor is intended to
include retailers.
DUNS® Number A unique nine-digit identification sequence
managed by D & B (Dun & Bradstreet), that provides unique identifiers
of single business entities, while linking corporate family structures
together. DUNS® is a registered trademark of D&B.
E
EAN (European Article Number) International system that
assigns numbers to uniquely identify any specified product, container or
transaction in the world. EAN manages the assignment of numbers outside of the
United States and Canada. (Similar to UPC numbers)
EAN International EAN International, based in Brussels,
Belgium, is an organization of EAN Numbering Organizations that jointly manages
the EAN.UCC System with the UCC. EAN International is the worldwide leader in
identification and e-commerce. It also manages and provides standards for the
unique and non-ambiguous identification and communication of products transport
units, assets and locations. The EAN.UCC system offers multi-sectorial
solutions to improve business efficiency and productivity.
EAN.UCC An international system that standardizes bar codes,
EDI transactions sets, XML schemas, and other supply chain solutions for more
efficient business. EAN.UCC is co-managed by the Uniform Code Council, Inc. and
EAN International. EAN and UCC co-manage the EAN.UCC system - the global
language of business.
EAN.UCC Check Digit Calculation An EAN.UCC System algorithm
for the calculation of a Check Digit to verify accuracy of data decoded from a
bar code symbol.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) The direct, electronic
transfer of standardized business data, such as purchase orders, confirmations
and invoices, between trading partners. Transactions are most often direct,
computer-to-computer, into vendors' databases and ordering systems. The
Computer to Computer transmission of information between partners in the supply
chain. The data is usually organized into specific Standards for case of
transmission and validation
Electronic Commerce The Conduct of business communications and
management through electronic methods, such as electronic data interchange and
automated data collection systems.
EPC The Electronic Product Code (EPC) is a unique number that
identifies a specific item in the supply chain. The EPC is stored on RFID tag,
which combines a silicon chip and an antenna. Once the EPC is retrieved from
the tag, it can be associated with dynamic data such as from where an item
originated or the date of its production. Much like a GTIN®. EPCglobal US™
Extensible Markup Language (XML) Extensible Markup Language is
designed to improve the functionality of the web by providing more flexible and
adaptable information identification. It is called extensible because it is not
a fixed format like Hypertext Markup Language (a single, predefined markup
language). Instead, Extensible Markup Language is actually a metalanguage (a
language for describing other languages) that allows individuals to customize
markup languages for limitless different types of documents. Extensible Markup
Language can do this because it is written in Standard Generalized Markup
Language, the international standard metalanguage for text markup systems.
ebXML (electronic business Extensible Markup Language): a
modular XML-based set of standards for electronic business transactions. The
specification facilitates the exchange of business data, such as EDI documents,
in a standardized method, over the Internet. ebXML is a joint initiative of the
United Nations (UN/CEFACT) and OASIS to standardize XML for global business
interoperability.
F
Firewall A set of related programs, located at a network
gateway server that protects the resources of a private network from users from
other networks. An enterprise with an intranet that allows its workers access
to the wider Internet, installs a firewall to prevent outsiders from accessing
its own private data resources and for controlling what outside resources its
own users have access to.
Final Data Recipient (also known as "Subscriber" or "Retailer")
Party, which is authorized to view, use, download a set of Master Data provided
by a Data Source. A Final Data Recipient is not authorized to update any piece
of master data provided by a Data Source in a public data pool (GCI
definition).
G
Global Data Synchronization (GDS) The way forward to better communicating
product data and party information between trading partners. Data pools are
linked to a global registry as a process designed to help keep everyone in an
industry on the same page. Trading partners in a supply chain agree in advance
to the definitions and formats of product information so that it can be
exchanged in an electronic form through EDI or other communications mechanisms.
Common data standards, a single item registry and party/item synchronization
are the foundation for electronic collaboration - first step toward maximizing
the cost, efficiency, and productivity benefits of EPC and RFID.
GDAS Global Data Alignment Service
Global Registry A directory for the registration of unique
catalogue items and parties. It contains a limited data set certified to be
EAN.UCC compliant and acts as a pointer to source data pools where master data
is housed. It can only contain data certified GCI compliant. It federates the
GCI / GDAS compliant data pools and acts as a pointer to the data pools where
master data has been originally and physically stored.
GS1 Global Registry™ The global directory of the Global Data
Synchronization Network (GDSN) for the registration of items and parties that
validates registered data and ensures the uniqueness of items and parties based
on their Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®) and Global Location Number (GLN).
Basic item and party information is stored in the Registry and a pointer is
provided to the appropriate data pool where more information about a specific
item or party can be found. The Registry also facilitates the subscription
process between retailers and suppliers. www.gs1.org
Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) The GS1 Global
Registry™ and a network of interoperable data pools that enable data
synchronization per EAN.UCC System standards.
GCI The Global Commerce Initiative (GCI) is a voluntary body
created in October 1999 to improve the performance of the international supply
chain for consumer goods through the collaborative development and endorsement
of recommended Standards and key business processes. www.gci-net.org
GIAI Shorthand term for the EAN.UCC Global Individual Asset
Identifier. The globally unique EAN.UCC System identification number for a
physical entity of any characteristics. The Global Individual Asset Identifier
comprises the EAN.UCC Company Prefix of the company assigning the asset
identifier and an Individual Asset Reference. The Individual Asset Reference is
numeric or alphanumeric, and its structure is left to the discretion of the
assigning company.
GLN Shorthand term for the EAN.UCC Global Location Number
using the EAN/UCC- 13 Data Structure that identifies legal entities, functional
entities, and physical locations. The supply side (supplier) trading partner
locations generally include corporate headquarters, regional offices,
warehouses, plants and Distribution Centers. The demand sides (retailer)
trading partner locations generally include corporate headquarters, divisional
offices, stores and distribution centers. GLNs are assigned by the Global
Registry, are globally unique, and transfer to any selected data pool.
GTIN® Shorthand term for the EAN.UCC Global Trade Item
Number®. A GTIN® may use the EAN/UCC-8, UCC-12, EAN/UCC-13, or EAN/UCC-14 Data
Structure.
GTIN® Format: GTIN® s must be represented in a 14-digit
reference field (key) in computer files to ensure uniqueness of the
identification numbers.
GPC The Global Product Classification has been developed in
partnership with GCI ACNielsen and EAN*UCC to support buying programs by
allowing buyers to preselect groups of applicable products and to provide a
common language for category analysis. GPC is a ‘flat' classification system
based on bricks attributes and values and is a required element of the Global
Data Synchronization Network (GDSN). Not all UDEX categories map directly to
GPC categories. Subscribers should validate the appropriateness of the
classification to their products. When there is a gap in the code, a temporary
classification of 99999999 is given until new code is developed for a certain
product class. Classification codes are necessary for effective searching of
products and services, for identifying where expenditures are made, and for
promoting products to potential buyers in the Global Data Synchronization
Network.
Global Data Dictionary The GDD is a global list of data items
where : 1. The structure of attributes includes aggregate information entities
(Master Data for party and item and Transactional Data)
2. Neutral and relationship dependent data, core and extension groups and
transaction oriented data
3. Definition of Master Data includes:
a. Neutral Data: relationship independent, general valid data
b. Relationship dependent data: Depending on bilateral
partner agreements
c. Core: irrespective of the sector and country
d. Extension: sector specific, country specific
4. Definition of Transactional (process dependent) Data includes neutral and
relationship Dependent as well as core and extension
GSMP The Global Standards Management Process group's objective
is to bring users together from all industries, from anywhere in the world, to
allow for a uniform approach in the collection of procedures, methods, and
practices for the EAN.UCC System standards. EAN International and the Uniform
Code Council, Inc.® comanage the Global Standards Management Process.
Global EAN.UCC Party Information Registry (GEPIR) A web-based
global search service that finds information about other companies based on
known Global Location Number (GLN), Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®), or
Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) information.
H
Hierarchy Classification structure where a classification is
arranged in levels of detail from the broadest to the most detailed level. Each
level of the classification is defined in terms of the categories at the next
lower level of the classification.
I
Inter-Operability The ability of a system or application to
work with other systems or applications without special effort on the part of
the user.
Item Hierarchy The classification of items indicating the
parent/child relationships between items.
ITF-14 Bar Code Symbol An ITF symbol used by the EAN.UCC
System to carry Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®) as EAN/UCC-14 Data
Structures.
M
Master Data Within data synchronization, master data is any
data or constructs that is applicable across multiple business transactions.
Master data describes each item and party involved in supply chain processes.
Each data set is uniquely identified by a Global Trade Item Number® (GTIN®) and
a Global Location Number (GLN). Master data can be divided into neutral and
relationship dependent data. Typically Master data is static - not
transactional.
P
Point-of-Sale (POS Place where the purchase is made (i.e.
checkout scanners or scanning terminals) and the relief of inventory and data
at a time and place of sale, generally through the use of bar coding or
magnetic media equipment, is computed.
R
RosettaNet RosettaNet is a non-profit consortium dedicated to
the collaborative development It rapidly deploys open, Internet-based business
standards that align processes within the global trading network. More than 500
multinational and regional companies in the information technology, electronic
components, logistics, semiconductor manufacturing and telecommunications
industries participate in RosettaNet's strategic standards and services
development.
Registration Registration is the process, which references all
items and parties published in all GCI / GDAS compliant data pools and on which
there is a need to synchronize / retrieve information.
Repository A storage mechanism for finalized DTD's and other
XML components. In this context a repository is the wrapping of potential
business library components in to information which can be used in an
implementation.
Request for Catalogue Item Notification (RFCIN) A business
message within the Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) used to establish
a request from a data recipient for publication or re-publication of trade item
information from a data source.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) A technology using
electronic identification tags attached to objects and a wireless RFID receiver
or gun to capture and collect data contained in the tag. The electronic passes
used to automatically collect highway tolls are one example of RFID. RFID has
distinct advantages over bar codes including the ability to hold more data, the
ability to dynamically change the data as processing occurs, and the ability to
work effectively in a wide range of environments. Once the data is collected,
it can be communicated securely using AS2. An RFID chip is a small silicon chip
that carries limited information and emits data, either actively or passively
using radio waves to identify individual items thereby not requiring line of
sight or human intervention for identification. Readers capture this
information and pass it on to applications which can then process and use this
information providing an all-pervasive view the tagged product through the
supply chain.
S
Subscription A Data Recipient requests that it receive a
"notification" when a specific event occurs that meets the Recipients criteria
(selective on sources, categories, etc). This is subject to the recipient's
access to information as controlled by the data source through its home data
pool. There are two kinds of subscriptions: " Generic subscriptions - to
generic types of data (item or party that is part of a specific category). "
Detailed subscriptions - to a specific Party (identified by its GLN) or
specific Item (identified by its GTIN®) With the set up of a detailed
subscription, Data Recipient sets a profile to receive ongoing updates of the
specific item, party or partner profile. The detailed subscription is also used
to indicate an Authorization".
Schemas Schemas in XML terms are XML models that represent the
markup of an XML document. They provide the ability to create vocabularies and
allow computers to carry out rules in business to business e-commerce. Schemas
also provide validation rules for commerce transaction documents and security
in electronic commerce. They include the way data is organized and other
aspects such as data typing. The DTD was the original schema but due to
limitations there are several others: DCD (Document Content Description),
X-Data, SOX (Schema for Objectoriented XML) and DDML (Document Definition
Markup Language). The W3C will merge these proposals, and DTD functionality,
into a replacement for the DTD - XML Schema.
Sunrise 2005 An industry initiative of the United States and
Canadian companies to be capable of scanning and processing EAN-8 Symbols,
EAN-13 Symbols, and 12-digit U.P.C. Symbols at the point-of-sale by January 1,
2005. Because 2005 Sunrise may require system changes for companies, the
Uniform Code Council, Inc.® (UCC®) recommends that companies become Global
Trade Item Number® (GTIN®) Compliant to prepare for Reduced Space Symbology®
(RSS® ) symbols, the Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN), and the
EPCglobal Network™.
Sunrise 2005 Compliant A company or product that: Scans and
processes EAN-8 and EAN-13 Symbols in addition to 12-digit Universal Product
Code (U.P.C.) Symbols at point-of-sale. Erroneous practices include dropping
Check Digits and extracting the UCC Company Prefix to identify the supplier.
Companies who parse or change the GTIN® s must discontinue this practice.
Solution Provider An individual or company that enables supply
chain functions through the provision of products and services. Includes
hardware and software companies, consultants, system integrators, and training
companies.
T
Trading partner A party to transactions in the supply chain,
such as a supplier (seller) or a customer (buyer).
U
Uniform Code Council, Inc. (UCC) A not-for-profit numbering
organization in the USA that administers, manages, develops and sets the
EAN.UCC system standards or global supply-chain standards including XML, EDI
transaction set, and bar code identification standards. The Uniform Code
Council (UCC) jointly manages the EAN.UCC System with EAN International. The
UCC administers the EAN.UCC System in the United States and Canada. Visit
www.uc-council.org for more information.
UCC Solution Partner Program™ A program that increases
awareness, adoption, and implementation of Uniform Code Council, Inc.® (UCC®)
standards by facilitating a partnership between the UCC and solution providers
to produce standards-compliant, "off-the-shelf" implementation solutions for
the expanding UCC community. The program provides UCC-standards certified
resources for software, hardware, and consultants for implementation services.
UCC Prefix A one-digit index number administered by the
Uniform Code Council, Inc.® that is used either to: (1) create UCC Company
Prefixes or (2) denote the format and meaning of a particular element string.
UCC Company Prefix Part of the UCC-12 Data Structure
consisting of a UCC Prefix and a Company Number allocated by the UCC.
Universal Product Code (UPC) A generic term that refers to the
UCC-12 Data Structure encoded in a UPC-A or UPC-E Bar Code Symbol.
UDEX The product classification code used in the GDSN is based
on only the GPC code. The UDEX codes are different and there is not a 100%
match between the classification systems. Not all UDEX categories map directly
to GPC categories so subscribers should validate the appropriateness of the
classification to their products. When there is a gap in the code, a temporary
classification of 99999999 is given until new code is developed for a certain
product class. UDEX classification codes will be supported in some data pool
production environments until the GPC code is completely built by GS1 (formerly
EAN International).
UCC/EAN-128 Bar Code Symbol A subset of the Code 128 Bar Code
Symbol that is utilized exclusively for UCC.EAN defined data structures.
UCC/EAN-128 Symbols can be printed as stand-alone linear symbols or as a
composite symbol with an accompanying 2D Composite Component printed directly
above the UCC/EAN-128 linear component.
U.P.C. Symbol (Universal Product Code Symbol): A bar code
symbol that encodes the twelve-digit UCC-12 (U.P.C.)
V
Validation Validation is compliance checking of new or changed
data versus GCI / GDAS Data Standards, principles and rules. The validation
consists of ensuring as a minimum: " Syntax (e.g. format of fields) "
Mandatory, dependent data (completeness of data) " Semantic (e.g. can't make a
change before add, allocation rules for GTIN® s and GLNs) " Check of
classification " Uniqueness of the item / party / partner profile (checked by
registry) The use of compliance checks and reasonability checks to ensure that
the attribute/process is syntactically, structurally, and logically correct.
Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards Association (VICS) A
non-profit member organization with a mission to take a global leadership role
in the ongoing improvement of the flow of product and information about the
product throughout the entire supply chain in the retail industry. The Uniform
Code Council, Inc.® (UCC®) is the secretariat to the Voluntary Interindustry
Commerce Standards Association.
VICS Bill of Lading Compliant VICS BOL Compliant setting
generates 17 digit number using shipper's UCC code and prints it as UCC/EAN 128
barcode. Bill of lading numbers can be typed in or assigned automatically. VICS
supplemental form is automatically printed when necessary. Convenient order and
package tally pinpoints order and package mismatch.
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